The following are the most common refractive errors:
- Nearsightedness: Nearsightedness, or myopia, is a condition in which nearby objects are seen clearly, but distant ones are blurred. Nearsightedness can be inherited and is often discovered during childhood.
- Farsightedness: Farsightedness, or hyperopia, causes distant objects to be seen clearly, but close objects to appear blurred. Farsightedness often runs in families.
- Astigmatism: Astigmatism usually occurs when the cornea has an irregular curvature. The cornea is curved more in one direction, causing blurry vision. Astigmatism can cause blurry vision at all distances, and it often occurs along with farsightedness or nearsightedness.
- Presbyopia: Presbyopia is the normal aging process of the lens of the eye. It is the loss of elasticity of the lens that occurs with aging, causing difficulty focusing at close ranges. Presbyopia usually becomes significant after the age of 40.
Refractive errors are amongst the most common vision problems in the United States. Though also amongst the most correctable, many Americans have uncorrected refractive errors. Eye care professionals, such as optometrists and ophthalmologists, can conduct a comprehensive eye exam to determine how to correct refractive errors. Corrective eyewear, such as glasses or contact lenses, can then be prescribed to help improve vision. Refractive surgery can also be used to correct refractive disorders.
Symptoms of refractive disorders include blurry vision, difficulty reading or seeing close objects, and crossing of the eyes in children.
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, contact your eye doctor for a complete exam.
Source:
ISRS/AAO. Refractive Surgery: Refractive Errors. American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2009. Accessed: April 2009.
